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1.
Revista Brasileira de Hipertensão ; 27(1): 7-12, 20200310.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1373180

ABSTRACT

A caracterização de rigidez arterial é realizada a partir da análise de alterações nas propriedades físicas da parede arterial, entre elas, distensibilidade, complacência e elasticidade. O aumento da rigidez arterial leva a arteriosclerose que está associada ao envelhecimento e a presença dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais determinando alterações no padrão de fluxo nas artérias elevando o risco de progressão da aterosclerose. A aterosclerose promove uma solução de continuidade no endotélio que ao final leva a degeneração elástica na parede arterial e o enrijecimento da parede vascular. Essa é a condição determinante para a perda do mecanismo de adaptação ao volume ejetado na sístole ventricular e à onda de retorno na fase de diástole, fato observado principalmente nas grandes artérias elásticas como a aorta e as carótidas. Os principais fatores envolvidos neste processo são a hiperatividade simpática, o estado inflamatório crônico do vaso e a redução da biodisponibilidade do oxido nítrico. Vários métodos estão disponíveis para avaliar a pressão central e parâmetros de rigidez arterial. O método direto seria o de maior precisão, no entanto, é um método invasivo, e claramente inadequado para uso na avaliação clínica de rotina. Atualmente dispomos de métodos indiretos com adequada aplicação na determinação de índices de enrijecimento das grandes artérias. Um desses métodos permite a avaliação da pressão arterial central (PAc), velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), e medidas do índice de aumentação (AIx) que são marcadores bem estabelecidos da hemodinâmica central e da rigidez arterial, e nos oferece uma visão importante da vitalidade arterial. Entre esses índices, a VOP se apresenta como um marcador de dano vascular, com elevada importância na determinação do risco cardiovascular global dos pacientes, assim como o AIx, outro parâmetro de envelhecimento vascular, ambos preditores de mortalidade por todas as causas e por causas cardiovasculares. As diferentes classes de anti-hipertensivos têm efeitos diversos sobre a hemodinâmica central e a correta interpretação dos achados obtidos nos exames de avaliação dos parâmetros centrais pode nortear mais adequadamente a estratégia do tratamento da hipertensão arterial.


The characterization of arterial stiffness is performed by analyzing changes in the physical properties of the arterial wall, including distensibility, complacency and elasticity. The increase in arterial stiffness leads to arteriosclerosis that is associated with aging and the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and causes changes in the flow pattern in the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis progression. Atherosclerosis causes an endothelium injury that ultimately leads to elastic degeneration in the arterial wall and the stiffening of the vascular wall, a determining condition for the loss of the ability to adapt to the volume ejected in the ventricular systole and the return wave in the diastole phase, a fact observed mainly in large elastic arteries such as the aorta and carotids. The main factors involved in this process are sympathetic hyperactivity, the chronic inflammatory state of the vessel and the reduction of nitric oxide bioavailability. Several methods are available to assess central pressure and arterial stiffness parameters. The direct method is the most accurate. However, it is an invasive method, and clearly unsuitable for use in routine clinical evaluation. Currently we have indirect methods which are perfectly applicable for the determination of stiffening indexes of the great arteries. One of these methods allows the assessment of central arterial pressure (PAc), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and measures of the augmentation index (AIx), which are well-established markers of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness, and provides an important assessment of arterial vitality. Among these indices, PWV consists of a marker of vascular damage, highly important in determining the overall cardiovascular risk of patients, as well as AIx, another parameter for assessing vascular aging, both of them functioning as predictors of risk of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular causes. The different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central hemodynamics and the correct interpretation of the findings obtained in the assessment tests of the Central Parameters can more adequately guide the strategy for the treatment of arterial hypertension


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Aging , Risk Factors , Vascular Stiffness , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 67(5): 810-817, Sep-Oct/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-731211

ABSTRACT

Estudo qualitativo e descritivo, cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar as representações sociais de educação em saúde à pessoa vivendo com HIV entre profissionais de saúde. Os cenários foram três serviços de atenção à DST/HIV/AIDS, em Belém-PA, Brasil, e 37 profissionais de saúde participaram da pesquisa. A coleta de dados deu-se em 2012-2013 por meio de entrevista em profundidade; a análise utilizou o software Alceste 4.10. Com base no conjunto dos resultados foi possível vislumbrar que a educação em saúde pode ser compreendida a partir de categorias: a configuração do agir educativo; as condições sine qua non: educação no trabalho e estrutura da unidade; o processo pedagógico. Conclui-se que as representações sociais configuram-se como orientação-informação para precaução-prevenção e revelam-se no movimento do agir persistente ao emergente, o que suscita uma educação em saúde permanente para se chegar à integralidade nos serviços.


This is a qualitative and descriptive study, which aimed at identifying and analyzing social representations of health education to HIV patients among health professionals. The setting included three healthcare DST/HIV/AIDS services in Belém-PA, Brazil, and 37 health professionals participated in the study. Data collection was conducted in 2012-2013 on the basis of in-depth interviews and analysis was made on Alceste 4.0 software. Final results indicated that health education can be comprehended in light of categories: educational action; sine qua non: education and training at work, and unit structure; teaching-learning process. Conclusions show that social representations are set as guidance-information for precaution-prevention and that they come forth along continuous and emerging action flow, bringing about permanent health education to ensure healthcare services in full.


Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, que objetivó identificar y analizar las representaciones sociales de educación en salud a la persona viviendo con HIV entre profesionales de salud. Los escenarios fueron tres servicios de atendimiento al DST/HIV/ SIDA, en Belém-PA, Brasil, y 37 profesionales de salud participaran del estudio. La colecta de datos se dio en 2012-2013, por medio de entrevista en profundidad y el análisis utilizo el software Alceste 4.10. Con base en el conjunto de los resultados fue posible vislumbrar que la educación en salud puede ser comprendida a partir de categorías: la configuración del acto educativo; las condiciones sine qua non: educación en el trabajo y estructura de la unidad; el proceso pedagógico. Se concluye que las representaciones sociales se configuran como orientación-información para precaución-prevención y se revelan en el movimiento del acto persistente al emergente, lo que suscita una educación en salud permanente para llegarse a la integralidad en los servicios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Rabbits , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Probucol/administration & dosage , Ubiquinone/administration & dosage , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , alpha-Tocopherol/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Aorta/metabolism , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/metabolism , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Coenzymes , Disease Models, Animal , Lipids/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism , Probucol/pharmacokinetics , Ubiquinone/metabolism , Ubiquinone/pharmacokinetics , Vitamin E/metabolism , alpha-Tocopherol/pharmacokinetics
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2013. 101 p. graf, tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881916

ABSTRACT

Em estudos prévios, mostramos que uma nanoemulsão lipídica (LDE) é reconhecida e se liga aos receptores de LDL após sua injeção na corrente sanguínea. Como tais receptores estão superexpressos em células com altas taxas de proliferação, como ocorre no câncer e na aterosclerose, a LDE pode ser utilizada como veículo para direcionar fármacos a essas células, diminuindo sua toxicidade e aumentando sua eficácia terapêutica. Anteriormente, reportamos que o tratamento com um derivado do paclitaxel, o oleato de paclitaxel, associado à LDE (PTX-LDE), reduziu em 60% a área lesionada de aortas de coelhos submetidos à dieta aterogênica, comparados a animais não tratados. No presente trabalho, avaliamos o efeito da associação de sinvastatina, medicamento hipolipemiante, e PTX-LDE, sobre a aterosclerose induzida por dieta em coelhos. Trinta e seis coelhos machos da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à dieta enriquecida com 1% de colesterol durante oito semanas. A partir da quinta semana, os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tratamento: controle (solução salina EV), sinvastatina (2mg/kg/dia, VO), paclitaxel (PTX-LDE, 4mg/Kg/semana, EV), ou combinação de sinvastatina (2mg/Kg/dia, VO) com paclitaxel (PTX-LDE, 4mg/Kg/semana, EV). Após oito semanas, os animais foram sacrificados para análise das aortas. Em comparação aos controles, a área lesionada das aortas foi em torno de 60% menor, tanto no grupo paclitaxel, quanto no grupo da combinação, e em torno de 40% menor no grupo sinvastatina (p<0,05). A razão entre as camadas íntima/média foi menor nos grupos tratados, em relação ao grupo controle (controles, 0,35±0,22, sinvastatina, 0,10±0,07, paclitaxel, 0,06±0,16 e combinação, 0,09±0,05, p<0,0001). Os grupos combinação e sinvastatina apresentaram um aumento da porcentagem de colágeno nas lesões (combinação, 20% e sinvastatina, 22%), em comparação aos controles (11%) e ao grupo paclitaxel (12%), (p<0,0001). Houve uma diminuição da porcentagem de macrófagos na lesão em todos os grupos tratados (paclitaxel, 11%, sinvastatina, 8% e combinação, 5%), comparados ao grupo controle (30%), (p<0,0001). O grupo paclitaxel apresentou menor porcentagem de células musculares lisas na lesão (20%) em relação aos controles (33%), (p<0,0001), já na combinação, houve aumento dessa porcentagem (44%), (p<0,0001). A combinação com sinvastatina não aumentou a eficácia do tratamento com PTX-LDE na redução da área de lesões ateroscleróticas, porém, os efeitos adicionais sobre o perfil lipídico e na composição das lesões, observadas com o uso da combinação, são achados importantes, que sugerem benefícios no sentido de aumentar a estabilidade das placas ateroscleróticas, o que nos abre um caminho de pesquisa muito promissor


In previous studies we have shown that a lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) is recognized and binds to LDL receptors after injection into the bloodstream. As those receptors are upregulated in cells with higher proliferation rates, as occurs in cancer and atherosclerosis, LDE can be used as a vehicle to direct drugs to those cells, diminishing toxicity and increasing therapeutic efficacy. Previously, we reported that treatment with antiproliferative agent paclitaxel derivative, paclitaxel oleate, associated with LDE (PTX-LDE), reduced by 60% the injured area of the aorta of rabbits subjected to atherogenic diet compared to untreated animals. In the current study we aim to test the effect of a combination of lipid-lowering drug simvastatin with PTX-LDE on diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Thirty-six male New Zealand rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Starting from week 5, animals were divided into four groups, according to the following treatments: controls (I.V. saline solution injections), simvastatin P.O. (2mg/kg/day), paclitaxel (PTX-LDE I.V. injections, 4mg/Kg/week), or paclitaxel-simvastatin combination (PTX-LDE I.V., 4mg/Kg/week + simvastatin P.O., 2mg/Kg/day). After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed for aorta evaluation. Compared to controls, the injured area was reduced by 60% in both paclitaxel and combination groups, and by 40% in simvastatin group (p<0,05). The intima/media ratio was reduced in treated groups, compared to control group (controls, 0,35±0,22, simvastatin, 0,10±0,07, paclitaxel, 0,06±0,16 and combination, 0,09±0,05, p<0,0001). Simvastatin and combination groups showed increased collagen content within the lesions (simvastatin, 22% and combination 20%), compared to controls (11%) and to paclitaxel group (12%), (p <0.0001). Macrophage content within the lesions was reduced in all treated groups (paclitaxel, 11%, simvastatin, 8% e combination, 5%), compared to controls (30%), (p <0.0001). The percentage of smooth muscle cells in the lesions was diminished in paclitaxel group (20%) compared to control group (33%), while the combination group showed increased percentage (44%) of smooth muscle cells in the lesions (p<0,0001). The combination of simvastatin did not improve the efficacy of the treatment with PTXLDE in reducing the area of atherosclerotic lesions, but the additional effects on lipid profile and lesion composition observed with the use of the combination are important findings that suggest benefits in order to enhance the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, which may lead us to a very promising research path


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Simvastatin/analysis , Atherosclerosis/chemically induced , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Paclitaxel/analysis
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(6): 471-475, June 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-512769

ABSTRACT

This review provides examples of the fact that different procedures for the measurement of atherosclerosis in mice may lead to interpretation of the extent of atherosclerosis having markedly different biological and clinical significance for humans: 1) aortic cholesterol measurement is highly sensitive for the detection of early and advanced atherosclerosis lesions, but misses the identification of the location and complexity of these lesions that are so critical for humans; 2) the histological analysis of the aortic root lesions in simvastatin-treated and control mice reveals similar lesion morphology in spite of the remarkable simvastatin-induced reduction of the aortic cholesteryl ester content; 3) in histological analyses, chemical fixation and inclusion may extract the tissue fat and also shrink and distort tissue structures. Thus, the method may be less sensitive for the detection of slight differences among the experimental groups, unless a more suitable procedure employing physical fixation with histological sample freezing using optimal cutting temperature and liquid nitrogen is employed. Thus, when measuring experimental atherosclerosis in mice, investigators should be aware of several previously unreported pitfalls regarding the extent, location and complexity of the arterial lesion that may not be suitable for extrapolation to human pathology.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Cholesterol/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Aorta/chemistry , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Tunica Intima/chemistry , Tunica Intima/pathology
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(4): 520-525, jun. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-457087

ABSTRACT

A aterosclerose é resultado da associação de uma deposição de lipídios na parede arterial e um processo inflamatório de baixo grau. Essa inflamação pode ser detectada através da dosagem de marcadores séricos, que indicam o grau de aterosclerose, e estão associados a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, independentemente dos níveis lipídicos. Entre estes marcadores destaca-se a Proteína C reativa ultra-sensível. As estatinas reduzem a inflamação associada à aterosclerose, o que é verificado por uma redução dos valores de proteína C reativa. Parte desse efeito está associada à diminuição de proteínas isopreniladas, porém as estatinas possuem efeitos diretos no sistema imune. Variações genéticas individuais estão associadas a variações no efeito hipolipemiante das estatinas, porém pouco se sabe sobre as variantes que interferem com as ações antiinflamatórias desses medicamentos. Além dos genes envolvidos no metabolismo do colesterol, genes que influenciam a farmacocinética e a farmacodinâmica das estatinas são possíveis responsáveis pela variação do efeito antiinflamatório observado.


Atherosclerosis is a result from the association of lipid deposition in the arterial wall and inflammatory process. This inflammatory process may be detected by clinical markers of systemic inflammation, such as ultrasensible C-reactive protein, which is associated with cardiovascular risk, independently of lipid levels. Statins reduce the inflammation associated to atherosclerosis, which may be verified by a reduction of the C-reactive protein levels. It seems that statins alter immune function by modulating post-translational protein prenylation. Individual genetic variations are associated with modulation of statins lipid-lowering effect; however, few studies have related the effect of the genetic variants with anti-inflammatory effect of statins. In addition to the genes involved in the cholesterol metabolism, genetic factors affecting statins pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics are potentially responsible for lipid and anti-inflammatory effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Arteriosclerosis/genetics , Biomarkers/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pharmacogenetics , Risk Factors
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(4): 604-609, ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-414782

ABSTRACT

A rabdomiólise tem sido motivo de publicação na literatura médica há mais de 50 anos. Nas últimas décadas, com o advento das estatinas, usadas na prevenção primária e secundária da doença cardiovascular, este assunto volta como importante complicação, muitas vezes fatal, do uso desta classe de drogas. A rabdomiólise associada ao uso das estatinas ocorre principalmente devido a associações medicamentosas. A seguir, descreveremos um caso de uma paciente em uso de altas doses de Sinvastatina, devido à doença aterosclerótica difusa, que desenvolveu quadro compatível com rabdomiólise resultando em óbito.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Drug Interactions , Fatal Outcome , Simvastatin/therapeutic use
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 84(4): 314-319, abr. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-400308

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e simvastatina sobre a função endotelial, a aterosclerose aórtica e o teor de malonodialdeído (MDA) nas LDL nativas, oxidadas e na parede arterial de coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos, depois que as doses destas estatinas foram ajustadas para reduzir o colesterol total plasmático a valores similares. MÉTODOS: Coelhos machos, foram separados em grupos de 10 animais (n=10), chamados hipercolesterolêmico (controle), atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e normal. A exceção do grupo normal, os animais foram alimentados com ração padrão acrescida de colesterol a 0,5 por cento e óleo de coco a 2 por cento durante 45 dias. As drogas foram administradas a partir do 15° dia do início do experimento e no 30° dia, as doses foram ajustadas, através do controle do colesterol plasmático, para obter valores semelhantes em cada grupo. Ao final do experimento foi dosado o colesterol plasmático e as lipoproteinas e retirado um segmento de aorta torácica para estudo da função endotelial, da peroxidação lipídica e exame histológico para medida da aterosclerose aórtica. RESULTADOS: As estatinas reduziram significantemente o colesterol total plasmático, as LDL-colesterol e a aterosclerose aórtica. O teor de MDA também foi significantemente reduzido nas LDL nativas e oxidadas, assim como na parede arterial. O relaxamento-dependente do endotélio foi significantemente maior no grupo tratado em comparação ao hipercolesterolêmico. CONCLUSÃO: As estatinas, em doses ajustadas, tiveram efeito significante e similar em reduzir a peroxidação lipídica nas LDL e na parede arterial, na regressão da aterosclerose aórtica e na reversão da disfunção endotelial.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology , Aortic Diseases/drug therapy , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Aortic Diseases/metabolism , Aortic Diseases/physiopathology , Arteriosclerosis/metabolism , Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology , Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism , Hypercholesterolemia/physiopathology , Indoles/pharmacology , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Pravastatin/pharmacology , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Simvastatin/pharmacology
10.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 656-661, 2004.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-60328

ABSTRACT

The effect of genistein on aortic atherosclerosis was studied by immunohistochemistry with RAM-11 and HHF-35 antibodies and western blotting for matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in New Zealand White rabbits. After provocation of atherosclerosis with hyperlipidemic diet, the rabbits were divided as hyperlipidemic diet group (HD), normal diet group (ND) and hyperlipidemic plus genistein diet group (HD+genistein) for 4 and half months. The average cross sectional area of atherosclerotic lesion was 0.269 mm2 after provocation. The lesion was progressed by continuous hyperlipidemic diet (10.06 mm2) but was increased mildly by genistein (0.997 mm2), and decreased by normal diet (0.228 mm2). The ratio of macrophages to smooth muscle cells in the lesion was not changed by genistein supplementation. The western blotting showed reduction of MMP-3 expression in HD+genistein and ND groups than HD group. The inhibition of atherogenesis by genistein was might be due to improve the endothelial dysfunction rather than direct action on macrophages and/or smooth muscle cells in the lesion, since endothelial dysfunction by lipid peroxidation was the main atherogenic factor in the hypercholesterolemicrabbits. The genistein supplementation also suggests that it helps the stabilization of the atherosclerotic lesion by inhibition of MMP-3 expression.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Blotting, Western , Diet, Atherogenic , Genistein/pharmacology , Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Macrophages/pathology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism
11.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2003 Jul; 101(7): 428-31
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-95800

ABSTRACT

Probably the most significant advance in cardiovascular medicine over the last two decades has been the identification of endothelial cells as a vasoactive organ. The endothelium plays a primary autocrine/paracrine regulatory role by secreting substances that control both vascular tone and structure. The dysfunctioning endothelium, which is characteristic of essential hypertension and most of the cardiovascular risk factors, is a major promoter for atherothrombosis and, consequently, cardiovascular treatment. One of most relevant mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is oxidative stress production, which causes nitric oxide breakdown. The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are by far the prevailing cause of morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Various clinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of calcium channel blockers on endothelial dysfunction. The potential mechanism by which calcium channel antagonists could exert their beneficial activity on endothelial dysfunction is very unlikely to be a calcium-dependent mechanism since endothelial cells do not express voltage-operated calcium channels. Experimental evidence suggests that calcium channel antagonists exert an anti-oxidant effect and therefore could protect endothelial cells against free-radical injury. Nifedipine is the calcium channel blocker, which improves endothelial nitric oxide availability, antagonises endothelin 1, restores endothelial permeability and low-density lipoprotein deposition. Calcium antagonists have demonstrated anti-atherogenic properties in various dinical studies. Calcium antagonists--in addition to their primary action in lowering blood pressure influence numerous cellular process involved in early atherogenesis. All calcium channel blockers do not offer same benefit of reversal of endothelial dysfunction. Amlodipine does not seem to be as effective as nifedipine in terms of atheroprotection. With nifedipine, the overall risk of cardiovascular events decreased significantly. Therefore, nifedipine (long-acting formulation) remains the first choice calcium channel blocker in cardiovascular therapeutics--today and tomorrow.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91103

ABSTRACT

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in response to extracellular fatty acids and their metabolites. They are crucial in the regulation of fat storage, besides having a potential role in insulin resistance syndrome. They have clinical relevance in understanding the cause and in development of drugs in common clinical conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cellular growth and neoplasia. Three types of receptors were identified: PPAR alpha, gamma and delta. Fibrate group of lipid lowering agents bind to the alpha isoform and glitazone group of insulin sensitizers to gamma isoform. Further advances can result in new drugs for atherosclerosis, malignancies and diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Arteriosclerosis/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Drug Therapy/trends , Humans , Molecular Biology/trends , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/classification , Transcription Factors/classification
17.
Antioxid. calid. vida ; 6(23): 6-14, mayo 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241863
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